ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY Occupational Health & Safety Unit BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT BRA 418/06/2025 Document Title Client eThekwini Municipality Project Routine structural maintenance repairs to municipal owned retaining walls Contract Number 1R-32862 Revision 01 Date 26-06-2025 Author Siziwe Chiliza Signature: Approved Arty Zondi Signature: Total Pages 46 1 TITLE The Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety parameters on the developments of additions, alterations & upgrades to various facilities at rotary sports field TERMS OF REFERENCE Siziwe Chiliza from eThekwini Municipality conducted a Baseline Risk Assessment based on the scope of works set out in 1R-32862 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1993, and Its relevant regulations require employers to conduct a Baseline Risk Assessment prior to the work being performed. This assessment and observations were made at the above site under the conditions which prevailed on the date of the assessment. Detailed conclusions are given in the relevant sections of this report. BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT 1. INTRODUCTION: In accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act, (Act 85 of 1993) the Legislator places specific requirements on an Employer. One of these is prescribed in Section 8(i) of the Act where it requires the Employer to ascertain the risks and dangers which may occur within the workplace or section of the workplace and then goes on to establish working procedures or practices. 2.ABREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS ABREVIATION, ACRONYMN OR DEFINITION Risk MEANING Uncertain future events that can influence the achievement of the company’s objective. Chance of loss 2 Exposure Is a condition or practice which involves the employee being subjected to the Hazard or Danger while being normally unprotected Likelihood or Probability (inevitable to almost impossible) the Frequency of the exposure (constant to rarely) being one of the parameters Consequence or Severity This could be either having a financial, injury and or illness outcome Risk Ranking There are three stages namely: IDETIFYING the RISK:- in terms of the hazard, threats EVALUATING:- the hazard, threats and or exposures identified to establish the potential magnitude of the RISK involved VALUE JUDGEMENT or APPRAISING:the acceptability and potential impact as well as the magnitude of the hazards, exposure and evaluating the outcome on the business, operations and or the health and safety of people and processes Risk Rating Equals = Severity + Frequency + Exposure Baseline Risk Assessment This is conducted to create a benchmark of the potential risks that apply to the whole project or business operation. Issue based This is normally focused at operational activities, processes, systems and functions and focuses on identifying the risks within a certain task, process or activity 3 Continuous Risk Assessment The processes, systems and activities monitored on an ongoing basis Hazard A chemical, physical, social or political condition that has the potential of causing damage or any kind of harm to people, property the environment or business continuity. OHS Act Occupational Health and Safety Act, Act 85 of 1993 Task based Risk Assessment The appointed Contractor develops a Risk Assessment based on the Clients Baseline and project specific activities Severity / Consequence The degree of harm, the potential severity of the injuries or ill health and or the number of people potentially affected Exposure Chance that a person or persons will be harmed during the exposure period Frequency A measure of the rate of occurrence of an event expressed as the number of occurrences in a given time ABREVIATION, ACRONYMN OR DEFINITION Intolerable Risk MEANING Risk is intolerable and cannot be justified on any grounds 4 Significant Risk Risk in which benefit outweighs cost Moderate Risk Risk is if cost of reduction would exceed improvement Tolerable Risk A Risk that has been reduced to a level that can be endured by the organization having regard to its legal obligations and its own Safety and Health Policy Residual Risk The risk that remain after taking into account the effect of the existing controls that have been applied 3. REFERENCE DOCUMENT Occupational Health and Safety Act, Act 85 of 1993 4. RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY All Risk identified during Risk Identification has to be assessed for significance in terms of probability of the Risk event to occur and the impact of the event. Ranking of the Risk can be based on a simple scale ranging from: • Very likely to almost certainly • Actual numerical probabilities can be used 5 • Risk that are ranking High receives highest priority The approach and process: 1. Identify the risk / hazards associated with the work activities 2. Assess the risk in terms of severity, likelihood of occurring and controllability 3. Evaluate the risks / hazards 4. Determine the level of control 5. Implement controls 6. Monitor the effectiveness of controls 5. RISK ESTIMATION AND EVALUATION RISK CLASSIFICATION USING A RISK SCORE TECHNIQUE Exposure (E) How frequently does the hazardous event occur Risk classification Continuously …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Frequently (daily) …………………………………………………………………………………… 6 6 Occasionally (weekly) …………………………………………………………………………… Unusually (monthly) ……………………………………………………………………………… Rarely (few a year) ………………………………………………………………………………… 3 2 1 Probability (P) The probability of a loss when the hazardous event does occur Risk classification Frequent (happens often) ……………………………………………………………………… 10 Probable (quiet possible) ……………………………………………………………………… 6 Occasional (unusual, but possible )……………………………………………3 Remotely possible (has happened somewhere) …………………………… 1 Improbable (practically impossible) ……………………………………………0.5 Severity (S) Consequences of the hazardous event Risk classification Catastrophic many fatalities; or interruption of longer than 2 weeks; or asset or environmental damage (or both) exceeding R100m …………………… 100 Disaster (few fatalities; or interruption between one and 2 weeks; or asset or environmental damage (or both) exceeding R10m) ………………… 40 Very serious (one fatality; or interruption of 6 days; or asset or environmental damage (or both) exceeding R100,000 ……………………………… 7 Important (temporary disability; or interruption between 6 and 24 hours; or damage exceeding R10,000 ………………………………………… 3 Noticeable (first aid needed; or interruption of less than 6 hours; damage exceeding R1000) ……………………………………………………………………… 1 7 Risk classification (Risk score = E x P x S ) Risk score Over 400---------5 discontinue operation or activity 200 to 400 ------ 4 correction needed 70 to 200------- 3 correction needed 20 to 70--------- 2 risk – attention needed Under 20 -------- 1 Risk accepted Risk classification Very high risk – High risk – immediate Substantial risk – Possible 5 4 3 2 1 8 ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY Occupational Health & Safety Unit CSA2682 A completion contract for stockville switching substation BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET: RISKS IDENTIFYING EXISTING & POTENTIAL WORK PROCESS CATEGORY: SITE ESTABLISHMENT RISK ACTIVITY REF 1 Erecting / Placement of temporary offices POTENTIAL HAZARD RISK Incorrect off Injury to loading/ handling people, damage to Crane truck material overturning and while off loading property RISK EVALUATION RISK SCORE E P S ExPxS 6 6 7 252 RISK LEVEL High RISK CONTROL RANK MEASURE 4 Competent person with specific knowledge and experience designated to supervise offloading and placement of temporary offices 9 2 3 4 Inadequate or Ablutions for Inadequate male / females Welfare Facilities insufficient Ablution Inadequate or insufficient Toilet Facilities may result Facilities in employees using areas not designated for the use thereof Unhygienic condition Unsafe Sheltered Unsafe positioning eating positioning of of ablutions facilities ablution and and sheltered eating areas The storage /useage of flammable liquid/gasses and combustible materials The incorrect storage of flammable liquids/gasses and combustible materials 6 6 The incorrect 6 storage could lead to Environmen tal spillages 6 6 6 3 7 3 108 252 54 Substanti al Risk High 3 4 Substantia 3 l Risk CR 28 1 per30 NBR prescribe chemical toilets for construction site. Sufficient showers and changing facilities for both male and female Refuse bins with lids provided. Facilities clean and The Constructio n Manager must ensure that they adhere to the Client H&S 10 5 6 7 Vehicle leaving / entering the site Unsafe stacking and storage practices Housekeeping Traffic disruption, injury to people Damage to property Collapse of Collapse of stored materials stored materials may result in injury of personnel Slips, trips and falls Tripping and falling on superfluous materials can cause 6 6 3 108 Substantia 3 l Risk 6 6 3 108 Substantial Risk 3 6 6 3 108 Substantial Risk 3 Specificatio n with regards to combustible substances. Competent operators/ drivers, use of flag person The Construction Manager must ensure that they adhere to stacking and storage principles as contained in the General Safety Regulations The Construction Manager must ensure that waste is removed 11 cuts on hands, injury to feet 8 Security fencing Access to unauthorized persons 9 Essential emergency equipment • • • Fire fighting equipment First Aid Boxes Drinking water Injury to persons 6 6 3 108 Substantial Risk 3 Not having the Health / 6 essential loss of services on hand property through fire 6 3 108 Substantial Risk 3 periodically and work areas kept clean at all times Construction manager to put system of control in place . No unauthorized entry signs to be posted and access controlled Construction manager to ensure these requirements are on site from the day site is established 12 BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET: RISKS IDENTIFYING EXISTING & POTENTIAL WORK PROCESS CATEGORY: CONSTRUCTION WORK ACTIVITIES RISK RISK ACTIVITY POTENTIAL RISK EVALUATION RISK RISK REF HAZARD SCORE LEVEL E P S ExPxS 10 Working at height Unsafe Scaffolding/ ladders temporary form work Unsafe scaffolding/ form work could result in collapse and critical injuries Fall from heights Fatality/injuries • • Slips and falls User of hand Dust exposure tools Ergonomically • power tools injuries injuries • • 6 6 7 252 High RISK RANK 4 CONTROL MEASURE The appointed competent Scaffolding supervisor must ensure that all erectors are Work platforms to be created All hand and power tools to be inspected before use DSTI to be done Electrocution 13 Precast Concrete stands Use of hand tools injuries • DSTI to be done. Trips and falls • All staff to have the required PPE when handling concrete. All staff to have the required PPE All works to be supervised Housekeeping to be maintained. All ladders to be inspected before use Nil sharp knives to be left exposed. 14 The appointment of competent company is crucial 11. Retaining walls Repetitive Poor 6 strain injuries ergonomics may result in muscular Mixing mortar skeletal injuries Pouring Ready Mix concrete Construction of slabs Concrete truck tipping over Concrete lodge into eyes, foot contact with cement Vibration Concrete truck tipping over could result in serious injury to the operator and workers close by 6 3 108 Substantial 3 risk The Construction Manager must ensure that a SWP is developed implemented. about safe lifting and loading procedures Eye injury and skin dermatitis Over bending Floating Back injuries 15 12. Erecting Steel structure Unsafe rigging practices Injury and damage to property 6 6 7 252 High 4 The Construction Manager must ensure that a specialist Contractor is appointed and a site specific H&S Plan, risk assessment, lockout and safe working procedures are developed and implemented 16 13. Construction of new entrance driveway and parking Accidents / Incidents Inhalation Dust exposure Ergonomical injuries Paved walkways Site levelling using excavator/ bob cat Backfill and compaction of sub base. Laying of pavers for car park Concreting of walkways/ driveway Person /s struck 6 by vehicles 6 7 252 High 4 Proper traffic management plan to be in place. Works to be supervised. Staff to use required PPE. Trips and falls Exposed survey pegs Use of hand tools. Dust suppression to be maintained. Heat exposure Noise exposure Hydrocarbon spills Rebar caps to be fitted on exposed pegs Manual handling Refuelling to be done in designated areas Risk assessments and SWP to be done for staff All plant operators to be deemed competent. 17 Workplatforms to be created. 14. Construction of drains Poor Ergonomics Poor 3 Ergonomics may result in muscular skeletal injuries 6 3 54 Possible risk 2 The Construction Manager must ensure that workers are trained in the risk 18 BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET: RISKS IDENTIFYING EXISTING & POTENTIAL WORK PROCESS CATEGORY: MATERIALS DELIVERY TO THE SITE RISK RISK ACTIVITY POTENTIAL RISK EVALUATION RISK REF HAZARD SCORE E P S ExPxS 15 Transporting of material to and from the site Defective tipper trucks, excavators and front end loaders The use of 6 defective plant /equipment may result in accidents 6 3 108 RISK RISK CONTROL LEVEL RANK MEASURE Substa 3 ntial Risk The Contract Manager must verify that all Tipper trucks utilized on site has a recent service inspection register in place and is signed off by the relevant Technical Manager 19 incompetent Operators The use of 6 incompetent operators may result in accidents Uneven ground, soft soil, 6 Damage to plant and 6 equipment as well as crushing injuries or fatalities 7 6 7 252 252 High High The Contract Manager must verify that the Operators are deemed competent to operate the Tippers and are medically fit 4 4 The Contract Manager must ensure that each driver is accompanied by a competent banks man when working in high risk areas 20 Steep Gradients 16 Loading / off loading the truck Incorrect slings being used Damage to plant and 6 equipment as well as crushing injuries or fatalities Property damage and serious injury 6 or fatality 6 7 252 High 4 6 7 252 High 4 The Contract Manager must assess steep gradients on foot before plant is moved onto the site to determine if the area is safe before work commences Rigging to be done by a trained and competent rigger and the task to be supervised by the supervisor 21 17 Aggregate / sand and other materials delivered Uneven ground, soft soil, Damage to plant and equipment 18 Manual handling Ergonomics Incorrect posture Back strain Skeletal damage 19 Mechanical handling Employee being struck Serious injury 20 Lifting / lowering operation Employee being struck by the load Serious injury Fatality 6 6 3 108 Substa ntial Risk 3 3 6 3 54 Possib le Risk 2 3 6 3 198 Substant 3 ial Risk 10 6 7 420 Very High 5 The Contract Manager must assess steep gradients on foot before plant is moved onto the site to determine if the area is safe Employees to be trained in the correct lifting technique Constant supervision Rigging to be done by a trained and competent rigger and 22 the task to be supervised by the supervisor 23 BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET: IDENTIFYING EXISTING & POTENTIAL RISKS WORK PROCESS CATEGORY: WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND HYGIENE RISK RISK ACTIVITY POTENTIAL RISK EVALUATION RISK REF HAZARD SCORE E P S ExPxS 21 22 Exposure to noise Exposure to vibration Noise Vibration Noise Induced hearing Loss White finger 6 6 6 6 3 3 108 108 RISK RISK CONTROL LEVEL RANK MEASURE Substa 3 ntial Risk Substa 3 ntial Risk Employee to make use of SABS approved hearing protection ,supervisor to ensure that the correct P.P.E is used. Task to be supervised by a competent supervisor Supervisor to rotate employees and allow 24 for frequent breaks Health consequences 6 to workers 23 Protection Dehydration/collapse against dehydration and heat exhaustion 24 Wet / cold condition Affecting ability to work safely Injury to workers 25 Hazardous chemical substances Contact with skin/ eyes Skin irritation, burns or infections Could cause loss in eyesight Inhalation or indigestion 6 3 108 Substa 3 ntial Risk 6 6 3 108 Substa 3 ntial Risk 6 6 3 108 Substa 3 ntial Risk Measures in place to prevent heat exhaustion in heat stress problem areas Provide rain wear / wellingtons where necessary Provide protection against the cold All substances identified and list available. MSD’s Substances stored safely 25 Injury 26 27 Manual handling Dust Back strain / injury Inhalation 6 Respiratory failure 6 6 6 3 3 108 108 Substa 3 ntial RISK Substa 3 ntial Risk Corect lifting technique Application of dust masks 26 BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET: RISKS WORK PROCESS CATEGORY: EMERGENCY PREPARENESS IDENTIFYING EXISTING & POTENTIAL PUBLIC SAFETY, SECURITY MEASURES AND RISK ACTIVITY REF POTENTIAL HAZARD 28 Notices and signs Appropriate signage not displayed 29 Emergency Preparedness No Emergency Plan in place 30 Emergency Drill & Evacuation No training No implementation Planning done RISK EVALUATION RISK RISK RISK CONTROL SCORE LEVEL RANK MEASURE E P S ExPxS 4 Contract Person /s not 6 6 7 252 High Manager to aware of the ensure all danger danger areas Injury / are properly serious demarcated at injury all times Emergency Person/s 6 6 3 108 Substa 3 contact unprepared ntial numbers to respond to Risk displayed with the designated emergency person at hand Adequate Person/s 6 6 3 108 Substa 3 number of unprepared ntial employees to respond to Risk trained in the the use of fire emergency equipment at hand RISK 27 31 Development and implementation of an Emergency Management Plan Failure to have a basic site specific Emergency Management Plan Failure to have a basic, 6 site specific Emergency Management Plan may result in injury and damage to property Workers not trained in Workers not 6 the trained in the Emergency Plan Emergency Plan may result in their inability to respond to Emergencies 6 3 108 Substa 3 ntial Risk 6 3 108 Substa 3 ntial Risk The Construction Manager must ensure that a site specific Emergency Management Plan is developed for implementation The Construction Manager must ensure that those workers are adequately and regularly trained to respond to Emergencies 28 Insufficient or no Emergency equipment or personnel Insufficient 6 or no Emergency equipment or personnel on site may result in Emergencies being critical 6 7 252 High 4 The Construction Manager must ensure that a suitable number of employees are appointed to the Emergency Team and that First Aid boxes, First Aiders, Fire Team members and any other equipment as identified during the risk assessment process is on site. 29 32 Neighboring Emission of business and HCS, dust and public exposed noise to the nature of the construction activities Health risk impact 6 6 3 108 Substa 3 ntial Risk Communication with neighboring business is critical. Health risk must be communicated to all employees Dust , noise generated out of the construction work must be managed 30 BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET: RISKS IDENTIFYING EXISTING & POTENTIAL WORK PROCESS CATEGORY: COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT RISK RISK ACTIVITY POTENTIAL RISK EVALUATION RISK RISK RISK REF HAZARD SCORE LEVEL RANK E P S ExPxS 33 Poor liaison with the CLO Failure to adequately monitor and manage the multi faced social issues Failure to 6 manage social issues could result in violent protests and injury to employees 6 3 108 Substa 3 ntial Risk CONTROL MEASURE The Construction Manager must ensure that a Community Liaison Officer (CLO) and project steering Committee is appointed to manage social issues 31 4 34 Roads blocked off Construction 6 due to community trucks and vehicles protest could crash into barricades resulting in damage to equipment or severe injuries 6 7 252 High The Contract Manager must ensure that close communication is kept with the local authorities and the appointed Community Liaison Officer to ensure that all personnel accessing the site are timeously alerted. 32 BASELINE RISK ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET: RISKS IDENTIFYING EXISTING & POTENTIAL WORK PROCESS CATEGORY: SUB – CONTRACTOR MANAGEMENT RISK RISK ACTIVITY POTENTIAL RISK EVALUATION RISK REF HAZARD SCORE E P S ExPxS Failure to Failure to manage 35 No proper adequately 6 6 3 108 Sub management assess Sub Contractors control Contractors may result S.H.E in Management injury and System before work commences noncomplianc e to and at regular Legislation intervals RISK RISK LEVEL RANK Substa 3 ntial Risk CONTROL MEASURE The Safety Officer must ensure that the appointed Sub Contractors S.H.E system is audited monthly and on site activities supervised or monitored 33 36 Utilizing incompetent SubContractors Utilizing incompetent Sub Contractors may result in accidents Utilizing incompetent Sub Contractors may result in damage to the Environment 6 6 7 252 High 4 The Construction Manager must be reasonably satisfied that the Sub Contractors intended to be appointed have the necessary competencies and resources to carry out the work safely 34 37. MAIN ACTIVITY REF NO COVID 19 SUB ACTIVITY Travel to site -Deliveries Use of public transport SAFETYRISKS Nil decontamination of public transport • Passengers in public transport not using face masks • Nil social distancing in public transport • Nil decontamination of supplies and deliveries • HEALTH RISK • • Staff contracting the virus during use of public transport Staff contracting virus during handling of contaminated supplies ENVIROMENTAL RISK None PUBLIC RISK None RECOMMENDED RISK CONTROL MEASURE • • • • All staff to ensure that they use a face mask and sanitise when using the public transport Contractor could arrange for a dedicated transport for all staff to and from work. Staff are not to use their work PPE when travelling on public transport. All staff to follow 35 decontamination procedures when entering work site Management to prepare site before construction works commence Nil decontamination of offices and facilities • Failure to align policies and procedures to COVID 19 virus • • • Returning staff not provided with COVID related PPE and disinfectants Possible contamination to staff • Unauthorise persons entering site • • Management to ensure all offices, facilities are disinfected with proper disinfectants Overgrown vegetation to be cut before any staff can return to site Required COVID 19 PPE is to be purchased and made available for staff when project commences 36 REF NO SUB ACTIVITY SAFETYRISKS Failure to display related signage’s for site access due to COVID virus. • Nil PPE and sanitisers(COVID related) for staff to return to work • Management not inducted/educate d on COVID 19 • HEALTH RISK Staff returning to work are not educated on policy changes Management unable to provide correct information to staff on COVID 19 issues ENVIROMENTAL PUBLIC RISK RISK RECOMMENDED RISK CONTROL MEASURE • • • • Required access control signage’s (COVID related) to be displayed at main entrance Management to rearrange facilities area to ensure social distancing Policies and procedures (COVID related) to be amended and approved before site can reopen. This is to be communicated to all staff An induction program (COVID 19)is to be 37 • • • prepared which is to be communicated to all staff when project commences Required sanitisers and disinfectants to be purchased and made available before project commences Contractor to ensure required staff information form pertaining to COVID 19 is available which is to be filled out by each staff Adequate hazardous waste bins to be made available on site 38 Entering of construction work site Staff fail to use required PPE Staff may be infected with the virus All staff to follow the required social distancing when at main entrance 39 • • • Congestion of staff at main entrance to site Failure of contractor to screen staff entering site Staff not maintaining social distancing Staff spreading of the virus to other staff • • • Due to lockdown, staff are to declare their movement, medical history during lockdown. These records are to be kept on site for record/tracing purposes All staff are to be tested as per contractor’s protocol to enter the site. Taking of staff temperature and desanitising of entire staff. An infrared thermometer is to be used. Contractor to ensure all staff conducting the required testing is provided with the required PPE and is 40 • • supervised by management. Staff are not permitted to enter the site with their work PPE. Work PPE is to be left on site when leaving site to prevent possible contamination of work PPE Any staff tested with a high temperature or signs of COVID is to follow the quarantine procedure until staff can be tested by the DOH for possible COVID 19 infection. 41 REF NO SUB SAFETY ACTIVITY RISKS HEALTH RISK ENVIROMENTAL PUBLIC RISK RISK RECOMMENDED RISK CONTROL MEASURE • • • • Contractor to consider staggering the work hours to mitigate congestion at main entrance The potential infected staff is to be isolated away from staff and management is to inform the local clinic of potential infection. All staff medicals is to be reviewed. Staff with a history of respiratory illness or any illness that compromises the immunity system is not permitted to be on site. 42 Work tasks • • • Nil social distancing on site Staff socialising on site Staff not using their required PPE to prevent COVID infections • • Spreading of the virus to other staff Possible infections Possible closure of site due to infection • • • • • • Identified tasks are to be evaluated to encourage social distancing All staff to have the required PPE when on site Staff to decontaminate all tools and work space prior to any activity Monitoring to be done by management Inductions to be done for all staff on social distancing whilst at work. Failure of staff to comply with COVID control measures are to be removed off site. 43 REF NO SUB SAFETY ACTIVITY RISKS Use of facilities during break intervals Nil social distancing • Nil hygiene been maintained at break intervals • Nil paper towel provided for staff at wash facilities • Lack of chairs for staff at facilities area • HEALTH RISK ENVIROMENTAL PUBLIC RISK RISK • • • • Possible contamination of staff Staff not practising adequate hygiene control measures Possible spread of virus Inadequate provision of hand wash /sanitisers for staff RECOMMENDED RISK CONTROL MEASURE Breaks are to be staggered to allow social distancing of staff • All staff are to take their breaks at the identified facilities area • Layout of facilities area to be planned to encourage social distancing • Table and chairs to be disinfected before and after all break intervals • Toilets to be disinfected at frequent interval. • Adequate hand wash and sanitisers are to be provided for staff to frequently wash their hands • Paper towels to be provided for staff use • 44 • • • Labelled bins to be provided for all hazardous waste Staff are not to share any meals or utensils Staff are not to leave the site to purchase any meals 45